How to Avoid Estate Taxes with a Trust
top of page
Writer's pictureMark Fonville, CFP®

How to Avoid Estate Taxes with a Trust

Updated: Dec 8

Knowing how to avoid estate taxes with a trust is paramount to successfully transferring your hard earned wealth to your heirs.


The estate tax is a significant barrier if you are an accredited investor or successful business owner who wants to leave a legacy for your family members. While only a small percentage of U.S. residents are impacted by the federal estate tax, the levy impacts more than just the ultra wealthy.


For example, if you are a farmer, family business owner, or successful career professional, you may want to reduce the size of your estate as well. After all, the tax is on net-worth, not just investable assets.


Of course, you could avoid the tax altogether by moving to Canada, New Zealand, or one of the other countries that has no federal estate taxes. But for most people, reducing the size of your estate is the most effective way of reducing or eliminating the estate tax.


These free cheat sheets will help you better understand estate, tax, and investment considerations in retirement. We use them with clients all the time.


World map showing countries with high tax rates for inheritance tax.

There are several ways you might reduce your estate, including spending assets, giving assets away, buying life insurance and putting assets in trusts.


For most people who are impacted by the estate tax, trusts are integral to reducing an estate’s size and may help to reduce estate taxes.


Estate Taxes Reduce Individual’s Abilities to Leave Legacies

Estate taxes are a final tax bill that’s assessed on estates exceeding a certain size. They’re one of the final payments made when an individual passes away (along with probate fees and final income taxes).


Since the 2018 tax reforms, the federal estate tax exemption will be $11,180,000 for individuals and $22,360,000 for married couples filing jointly in 2018.


Estates exceeding these values are subject to a 40-percent tax bill on the excess amount, for the tax is no longer graduated. In most cases, the estate tax must be paid in a timely fashion after death and it must be paid in cash.


If you’ve ever calculated your net worth, you can easily estimate the current value of your estate. Simply add up the value of your assets and subtract all your liabilities.


Assets may include, but aren’t limited to:

  • Personal residence

  • Bank accounts

  • Investments

  • Properties

  • Business interests

  • Life insurance death benefits

  • Any other assets that would be passed on to heirs


Image showing how to calculate your estate tax liability

Spouses can pass on all of their assets and any unused estate tax exemption to their surviving spouse tax-free if one spouse dies. In the past, A/B trusts or marital trusts were utilized to accomplish the same task. Luckily, this may no longer be necessary depending upon your situation.


A strategy for reducing the value of an estate is still needed in this situation, however, because death is impossible to predict with certainty. It’s possible your estate will still be taxed if it exceeds the allowed exemption by growing over time.


The estate tax exemption is actually a unified gift and estate tax exemption, so any gifts exceeding the annual allowed amount generally counts against the exemption. Exemptions and rates may change again in the future, and all of this is in addition to any individual state’s estate tax.


Virginia doesn’t currently have a state-assessed estate tax.


Trusts Can Effectively Reduce the Taxable Size of Estates

As mentioned, trusts are one of the most reliable and effective ways to legally reduce the size of an estate. When set up properly, trusts can either greatly reduce how much of an estate is taxed at the 40-percent rate or eliminate the estate tax burden altogether.


A trust is essentially a financial arrangement between three parties in which assets are held for a beneficiary. The assets are turned over by the trustor and managed by the trustee. The trustee has a fiduciary responsibility to manage the trust assets for the advantage of the beneficiary.


For the purposes of reducing your estate, trusts are effective because they take assets out of your name and put them in the name of the trust.


Every dollar that’s moved from your name to a trust matters. For every dollar moved, that’s a dollar that either doesn’t count toward the exemption or isn’t taxed at the 40-percent rate. The process is legal and can result in a major reduction of your end-of-life taxes.


You Have Multiple Trust Options Available for Use

There are several types of trusts, including living trusts and irrevocable trusts, that you might use to reduce the size of your estate. Often, people use a combination of the various options.


Qualified Personal Residence Trust for Your Home

Qualified personal residence trusts (QPRTs) are primarily used to eliminate the value of a personal residence from the total value of an estate. Assuming you have a nice home, this single move could greatly reduce how much your estate is worth.



Graphic showing how a qualified personal residence trust works.
Qualified Personal Residence Trust Diagram


A QPRT works by transferring your residence from your name to the trust’s. The home remains in the trust for a predetermined amount of time, after which it goes to the trust’s beneficiaries. The beneficiaries would be your chosen heirs.


Successfully setting up a QPRT requires forethought and honest conversations, but it’s certainly a viable option. Should you pass away before the trust expires, the residence goes back to your estate and the transfer is for naught.


Usually, people who establish this type of trust make it so that they can live in their house while the trust is in effect. Then, they either accept that a move will be in order after the trust expires or set up a rental arrangement with the beneficiaries who receive the residence.


Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust for Your Death Benefits

Irrevocable life insurance trusts (ILITs) typically help reduce the value of life insurance policies’ death benefits from an estate.


Do you have permanent life insurance? If so, transferring your policy to an ILIT could reduce your estates’ value by a seven-figure sum or more depending on the value of your policies.


An ILIT moves your life insurance into the trust and makes the trust the beneficiary of any death benefits that the policy will pay. The payments are then distributed to your heirs, usually over time. As long as you live at least three years after the transfer to the trust is completed, the death benefits aren’t included in your estate.



Image showing how an irrevocable life insurance trust works.

If relevant to your situation, an ILIT can have the added benefit of disbursing funds over time to discourage irresponsible spending. It also may shield death benefits from creditors whom you owe.


Grantor Retained Annuity Trusts for Income Generating Assets

Grantor retained annuity trusts (GRATs) and grantor retained unitrust (GRUTs) are very similar to one another. They’re both used to shelter income producing assets such as business interests, stocks, bonds, or real estate. GRATs are used when assets produce consistent incomes, and GRUTs are for when the assets’ income fluctuates.



Image showing how an irrevocable life insurance trust works.

Either of these trusts works, similar to how a QPRT functions. The income-producing asset is placed into a trust for a set amount of time, and you receive the asset’s income during that time. When the trust expires, the asset (and it’s income) go to the heirs who are named as beneficiaries.


This strategy doesn’t fully reduce your estate by the value of the asset. However, it does reduce the taxable value of the asset by delaying when the transfer to heirs occurs.


Charitable Remainder Trusts for Appreciated Assets

Charitable remainder trusts (CRTs) are often used for highly appreciated assets, because they help divert capital gains taxes as well as estate taxes. They may be a good choice for real estate, stocks, mutual funds or other assets that have been in a portfolio for some time.


A CRT transfers your asset into an irrevocable trust and by doing so, removes your asset from your estate. The trust then sells the asset at fair-market value. The proceeds from the sale can be used to provide you with income during your lifetime, and the trust principal is given to the charity upon death.


In addition to reducing your estate’s value, a CRT has two other tax benefits. It provides an immediate charitable tax deduction when assets are transferred, and no capital gains are paid on the assets that the trust sells.


It’s the capital gains benefit that makes this a particularly attractive option for highly appreciated assets.


Charitable Lead Trust for Good Will

Charitable lead trusts (CLTs) are used to direct funds toward charities without detracting from heirs’ future inheritances. These trusts function almost opposite of how CRTs work.


A CLT transfers your asset to a trust and thereby, reduces your estate by the value of the asset. The trust then makes payments to one or more chosen charities, either for a set amount of time or until your passing. When the trust terminates, the asset is given to heirs who are the trust’s beneficiaries.


A CLT may be an appropriate choice if you want create an income stream for your favorite charity during your lifetime. Just know that your heirs won’t receive the principal until after your death.


Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust for Appreciating Assets

Intentionally defective grantor trusts (IDGTs) are normally used when assets are expected to appreciate significantly. One of their main purposes is to let an asset grow outside an estate so that the appreciation isn’t included in the estate’s value.


An IDGT transfers your asset to a trust, but it’s set up so that you continue to pay income tax on whatever income the asset generates. The trust will provide some payments for a defined amount of time, and the assets are transferred to beneficiaries upon termination. The payments, of course, must be listed on your income tax return.


Without income tax eating away at the asset’s value, the asset in this type of trust can see significant growth. None of that growth is included in your estate since it occurs in a trust.

 

See How Our Financial Advisors Can Help You Retire With Confidence


  • Retirement Planning - Optimize your income and create a roadmap for a secure retirement.

  • Investment Management - Personalized investing to grow and protect your wealth.

  • Tax Planning - Identify tax strategies including Roth conversions, RMD management, charitable giving and more...



 

Explore the Trusts Available to Help You

These are just some of the trusts that you might use to reduce the size of your estate and future estate tax liability.


If you are a high-net-worth individual, a trust can be a great tool for tax reduction.


However, for individuals with less than $11,180,000 or married couples with less than $22,360,000 you may be at risk too! After all, if invested prudently, your net-worth should grow over time, and potentially surpass these numbers for many.


That's why it's so important to have a wealth advisor who understands trusts while also specializing in tax-managed investing.


Ultimately, in order to be effective, trusts must be properly identified, established, and funded. You should also project the growth of your wealth over time to ensure your estate plan is built for today and tomorrow.


 
Photo of Mark Fonville a Certified Financial Planner and financial advisor in Richmond VA and Williamsburg VA

About the author:

CEO and Senior Financial Advisor


Mark is the CEO of Covenant Wealth Advisors and a Senior Financial Advisor helping individuals age 50+ plan, invest, and enjoy retirement comfortably. Forbes nominated Mark as a Best-In-State Wealth Advisor* and he has been featured in the New York Times, Barron's, Forbes, and Kiplinger Magazine.


 


Disclosure: All expressions of opinion are subject to change. This information is intended for educational purposes, and it is not to be construed as an offer, solicitation, recommendation, or endorsement of any particular security, products, or services. Diversification does not eliminate the risk of market loss. Investment risks include loss of principal and fluctuating value. There is no guarantee an investing strategy will be successful. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results. Indices are not available for direct investment; therefore, their performance does not reflect the expenses associated with the management of an actual portfolio. This article is not advice and you should always consult with a financial advisor, tax advisor, or estate planning attorney.


Registration of an investment advisor does not imply a certain level of skill or training.

Don't Miss Out

Join 12,657+ individuals who receive our retirement insights by email and get a free copy of "Key Issues To Consider Before You Retire."

JOIN 10,399+ INVESTORS WHO SUBSCRIBE TO OUR FREE WEEKLY NEWSLETTER

CONTACT US

 

Email: info@mycwa.com

Hours of Operation:

Mon - Friday: 08:30 AM - 05:00 PM 

 

WILLIAMSBURG VA LOCATION

351 McLaws Circle,

Suite 1

Williamsburg, VA 23185

(757) 259-0111

 

RICHMOND VA LOCATION

8001 Franklin Farms Drive

RM 208

Richmond, VA 23229

(804) 729-5265

RESTON VA LOCATION

1768 Business Center Drive

Suite 350

Reston, VA 20190

(703) 991-2000

FOLLOW US ON

  • Grey LinkedIn Icon
  • Grey Facebook Icon
  • YouTube

Services offered by Covenant Wealth Advisors (CWA), a fee only financial planner and registered investment adviser with offices in Richmond, Va and Williamsburg, Va. Registration of an investment advisor does not imply a certain level of skill or training. Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®, and CFP® (with plaque design) in the United States to Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc., which authorizes individuals who successfully complete the organization’s initial and ongoing certification requirements to use the certification marks.
Investments involve risk and there is no guarantee that investments will appreciate. Past performance is not indicative of future results. By entering your info into our forms, you are consenting to receive our email newsletter and/or calls regarding our products and services from CWA. This agreement is not a condition to proceed forward. Case studies presented are purely hypothetical examples only and do not represent actual clients or results. These studies are provided for educational purposes only. Similar, or even positive results, cannot be guaranteed.

 

*Award Winning: Covenant Wealth Advisors was nominated by Newsweek/Plant-A-Insights Group in November of 2024 as one of America's Top Financial Advisory Firms. You may access the nomination methodology disclosure here and a list of financial advisory firms selected. CWA was awarded the #1 fastest growing company by RichmondBizSense on October 8th, 2020 based on three year annual revenue growth ending December 31st, 2019. To qualify for the annual RVA 25, companies must be privately-held, headquartered in the Richmond region and able to submit financials for the last three full calendar years. Submissions were vetted by Henrico-based accounting firm Keiter. Expertise.com voted Covenant Wealth Advisors as one of the best financial advisors in Williamsburg, VA  and Richmond, VA on November 30th, 2024 based on their proprietary selection process.  CWA was nominated for the Forbes Best-In-State Wealth Advisor ranking for Virginia on April 7th, 2022. Forbes Best-In-State Wealth Advisor full ranking disclosure. Read more about Forbes ranking and methodology here. CWA did not compensate any of the entities above for the awards or nominations. These award nominations were granted by organizations that are not CWA clients. However, CWA has compensated Newsweek/Plant-A Insights Group for licensing and advertising of the nomination and compensated Expertise.com to advertise on their platform. While we seek to minimize conflicts of interest, no registered investment adviser is conflict free and we advise all interested parties to request a list of potential conflicts of interest prior to engaging in a relationship. CWA is a member of the Better Business Bureau. We compensate the BBB to be a member and our BBB rating is independently determined by the BBB.

bottom of page